Rigor mortis (rigor corpse) — procedure, duration & meaning after death

What is rigor mortis?

Die rigor mortis (Rigor mortis) Is one of the safe Death sign and describes muscle stiffening after death. It is caused by biochemical processes in the body and follows a typical chronological sequence.

Definition and medical explanation

• After death, energy production in cells stops.
• As a result, the muscles can no longer induce relaxation.
• The result: The body hardens for a certain period of time before the rigidity is released again.

Difference between rigor mortis and other post-mortem changes

• Dead spots (Livores mortis): Blood sinks into deeper areas of the body as a result of gravity.
• Autolysis: The body's own enzymes begin to break down the tissue.
• rotting: Bacterial decomposition processes begin.

Rigor mortis always occurs in a specific order and can be used to determine the time of death.

How does rigor mortis occur?

Rigor mortis is the result of a natural biochemical process that starts after death. It occurs because muscle cells can no longer be supplied with energy.

Biochemical processes in the body

• After death, the supply of oxygen stops, as a result of which the metabolism ceases.
• Without oxygen, no new one can adenosine triphosphate (ATP) More are formed — the universal energy currency of cells.
• Muscle cells lose their ability to relax, which leads to gradual stiffening.

Association with muscle contraction and ATP loss

• ATP is essential for relaxing muscles after a contraction.
• After death, the remaining ATP is used up, but without new production, the muscles remain in a contracted state.
• Rigidity starts on smaller muscles (such as the face) and spreads to the entire body within a few hours.

Rigor corpse persists for a certain period of time until enzymes break down the muscle structures and the rigidity is released.

Phases of rigor corpse — From entry to solution

Rigor mortis takes place in several phases and provides important information about the time of death. It does not start immediately after death, but develops over several hours and dissolves again after some time.

When does rigor mortis set in?

• Starts around 1 to 2 hours after death.
• First in the small muscles (e.g. face, jaw), then in the larger muscle groups.
• After approximately 6 to 12 hours Complete stiffening has been achieved.

How long does rigor mortis last?

• Rigidity usually lasts 12 to 48 hours on.
• Factors such as Temperature, environment and individual body constitution affect the duration.

When will rigor mortis be resolved?

• After 24 to 72 hours The rigidity begins to dissolve.
• cause: Autolytic processes and bacterial decomposition, which break down muscle fibers.
• The sequence of the solving process corresponds to the development — from small muscles to large muscles.

This timeline is not only medically relevant, but is also used in forensic medicine as Determining the time of death used.

Determining the time of death based on rigor mortis

Rigor corpse is an important clue for Determining the time of death. Forensic doctors use the course of muscle stiffening over time to make a rough assessment. However, accuracy depends on several factors.

Significance in forensic medicine

• Since rigor mortis after 1—2 hours starts and follows 24-72 hours Solved again, the time of death can be narrowed down relatively well during this period.
• The order of insertion (facial muscles first, then limbs) is reviewed to assess the progress of rigidity.
• Together with other death signs, such as Dead spots (Livores mortis) or the core body temperature, rigor mortis enables a well-founded assessment.

Influencing factors such as temperature and environment

• Delayed cold the biochemical processes, as a result of which rigidity occurs later and lasts longer.
• Heat accelerates muscle metabolism, so that rigidity occurs earlier and disappears more quickly.
• Physical activity before death (such as cramps or exertion) can deplete ATP reserves more quickly and speed up the process.
• poisoning or illness can change the course of rigor mortis and make it difficult to determine the exact time of death.

Although rigor mortis is an important sign, forensic medicine always evaluates it in combination with other factors in order to obtain results that are as precise as possible.

Dealing with deceased people during rigor mortis

Rigor mortis can be a challenging experience for loved ones. The deceased's body is visibly changing and feels unfamiliar. Undertakers know how to deal with this natural reaction and take care of the deceased with dignity.

What family members should know

• Rigor mortis is a natural process and no sign of suffering.
• Touch feels stiff and unusual, but does not cause pain for the deceased.
• Rigidity starts in the face and can Fix your last facial expression. Undertakers can provide support here.
• In the first hours after death, relatives can still gentle hand movements or closing the eyelids Do it before the muscles harden.

Significance for undertakers and the process of a funeral

• Undertakers ensure a dignified and professional care of the deceased, even if rigor mortis has already set in.
• If necessary, you can special techniques The deceased's posture can be adjusted for laying out.
• The rigidity dissolves again over time — this is the case with Planning of laying out and burial considered.
• In the case of transfers or open layoffs, it may be necessary to bring the body into a dignified position through gentle manipulation.

Memovida Accompanies you during this difficult time with empathy and professional competence to make a respectful farewell possible.